Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS) Transmission, Clinical sign, Diagnosis

 

Septicemia it is one of the top most disease in our country that causes huge economic losses every year this disease is defined as an acute bacterial disease of mainly large animals like cattle in Buffalo, but sometimes it also affects in camels and it is clinically characterized by high fever, sweating at throat, and neck region resulting in severe depression and high mortality.

This definition you need to remember two very important points the first one is the high fever in this disease and the second which is the most important clinical sign is the swelling of rod and neck and Because of this swelling of throat and neck the animal is unable to respire and breathe properly that results in high mortality, because of this specific unit of sign a symptom this disease is also called HS.

It is one of the major diseases of cattle and buffalos in Pakistan. This disease is caused by a gram-negative bacteria called Pasteurella. our country point of view the serotype b2 is the most important one to me remember and all the cases that are reported from Pakistan are because of the zero type B - and another important feature of this disease is the epidemics of this disease occur during monsoon season.

Moo's soon season is important from high environmental temperature and humidity point of view so how this disease is transmitted the first few number –  the disease is transmitted through respiratory route by a direct or indirect contact with the sick or carrier animals but the disease can also be transmitted through oral route by consumption of contaminated feed and water. I give the example of monsoon season so behind humidity and hot weather could be animals and stress that is one of the most important predisposing factor in hemorrhagic septicemia the other factors that put the animals at risk of causing and lady septicemia. The stress conditions like poor nutrition or exercise or overworking if the animal is used for long-distance transportation or for the heavy workload as they do in the villages similarly if the animal is and ready suffering from some other disease specially viral disease so in that specific case the new status of the animal is already compromised so that results in the magic septicemia. if the animal is exposed to infected animal or infected material but in all these factors the most important factor to remember is the hot and humid season because in hot and humid season the animals are in stress because of the environmental temperature so stressful condition the Muenster the status of the animal becomes weak, so they can suffer from hemorrhagic septicemia now we come to the clinical findings.

The most important clinical sign of this disease is the inflammation of fraud and a perspective 8 followed by septicemia and depth because as the end in this posture element Reseda it lives in deep despair to tract so it results in pain, in the information of that area and if the infection is spread to blood so that results in septicemia and ultimately death of the anima if it is not treated on time.

The other important legal signs are already high fever and put acute cases the animal may be found dead without showing any specific clinical sign and symptom. It is a bacterial disease so this disease can easily be diagnosed by isolation and identification of partial animal to see different media's like blood. if we have the sample from the infected animal so we can inoculate that sample or if we have already cultured the bacteria so you can directly can inoculate the bacteria in experimental animals like rabbits that results in the death of the animal after some time and the bacteria can easily be isolated from different organs of rabbits.

There are three kinds of erratic septicemia vaccines which are available in our country the first one are the plain back wings and these machines are repeated after the period of every four months similarly we have alum precipitated back Queens that are repeated at intervals of six months and we also there in our country the oil adjuvant between which are repeated annually so anyone among this disease these vaccines can be used to vaccinate animals and they have a very good result similarly we can also use other preventable years to control this disease like if somebody comes across an outbreak in a specific area so the outbreak should be immediately reported to the livestock authority of that area so that the other animals who have not yet contacted the disease should be designated immediately similarly strict quarantine buyers are required tracing carriers and cunning animals if the any ones are seen with specific clinical signs symptoms or if they have already been tested by some tests so they should immediately remove from the earth cleaning and disinfection of the farms are required similarly the improvement of our management and avoiding stressful conditions, may also help in the prevention of this disease.

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